I started writing this to help fellow
recruiters, be able to do the job without much of hassle.....nope? Okay then, lets just say I was
looking out for a better opportunity and started giving out interviews and need
information to crack those technical interrogations by the so called Recruitment
Managers.
I know that this whole thing will look like
glass pieces scattered all over; was trying to do something productive with the
info gathered, but no time(during office time)
I hope and wish to put these pieces together
and make a proper manual or step by step guide one fine day.
SAP
A) Environments for
SAP ERP
1. Supported Hardware
2. Supported Database
3. Supported Operating System
B) COMPLETE MODULES
OF SAP ERP
1. Basis
2. ABAP/4 Programming
3. FI (Financial Accounting)
4. CO (Controlling)
5. EC (Enterprise Controlling)
6. TR (Treasury)
7. IM (Investment Management)
8. HR (Human Resource)
9. SD (Sales and Distribution)
10. Logistics Information System
11. MM (Materials Management)
12. PM (Plant Maintenance)
13. PP (Production Planning)
14. QM - Quality Management
15. BW (Business Warehousing)
16. IS (Industry Solutions) / SAP for Industries specific
solutions
17. CS (Customer Service)
18. SMB
19. CA (Cross Application Components)
20. PS (Project Systems)
21. mySAP SEM
22. mySAP CRM (Customer Relationship Management)
23. mySAP Product Life Cycle Management
24. SCM (SAP Supply Chain Management)
25. Netweaver
26. mySAP SRM (Supplier Relationship Management)
A)
ENVIRONMENTS FOR SAP
Supported Hardware
for SAP ERP
SAP can be installed on the following systems. The functionality
and programming technique is same for all systems.
1.1. HP
1.2. IBM
1.3. Sun
1.4. AT&T
1.5. AS400
1.6. Bull
1.7. Sequent
1.8. SNI
1.9. Compaq Digital
Supported Database
for SAP ERP
SAP is a back-end-free ERP system. That means the following
Database can be used in SAP software. The functionality/programming technique
is same for all database system.
2.1. Oracle
2.2. MS SQL
2.3. Informix
2.4. Sybase
2.5. Adabas D
2.6. DB2 for AIX
2.7. DB2/400
Supported Operating
System for SAP
SAP can be installed on the following platforms (Operating
systems):
3.1. MS Windows NT
3.2. OS/400
3.3. Unix
3.4. Solaris
3.5. AIX
3.6. HP UX
3.7. Sinux
Complete SAP Modules:
1. SAP Basis
1.1. Security (BC - SEC)
1.2. Application Link Enabling (ALE)
1.3. Remote Function Calls (RFC)
1.4. Object Linking and Embedding (OLE)
1.5. Common Program Interface Communications (CPI-C)
1.6. Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)
1.7. Customizing (BC-CUS)
1.8. ABAP Programming and Runtime Environment (BC - ABA)
1.9. Client Server Technology (BC - CST)
1.10. Network Integration (BC - NET)
1.11. Basis Services/ Communication Interfaces (BC - SRV)
1.12. Computing Center Management System (BC - CCM)
1.13. Upgrade General (BC - UPG)
1.14. Change and Transport System (BC - CTS)
1.15. Operating System Platform(BC - OP)
1.16. Database Interface, database platforms (BC - DB)
1.17. Front End Services (BC - FES)
1.18. ABAP Workbench (BC - DWB)
1.19. Documentation and Translation Tools (BC - DOC)
1.20. Controls and Control Framework (BC - CI)
1.21. Business Management (BC - BMT)
1.22. Middleware (BC - MID)
1.23. Computer Aided Test Tool (BC - CAT)
1.24. Ready to Run R/3 (BC - BRR)
1.25. Authorisations System Monitoring with CCMS Workload Alert
Monitor
2. ABAP/4 Programming
2.1 ABAP Workbench
2.2 Menu Painter
2.3 Screen Painter
2.4 Data Dictionary
2.5 SAP Script
2.6 Business Workflow (BC - WF)
2.7 ALE
2.8 EDI
2.9 Business Connector
2.10 Business Server Pages
2.11 Internet Application Server
2.12 Mercator Report Painter
2.13 ALV reporting
2.14 Report writer
2.15 Dialog Programming
2.16 Repository Information System
2.17 ABAP 00
2.18 IDOCS
2.19 LSMW
2.20 Smartforms
2.21 EBP
2.22 ASAP methodology
2.23 ABAP Query
3. SAP FI (Financial Accounting)
3.1. General Ledger Accounting (FI - GL)
3.2. Special Ledger (FI - SL)
3.3. Extended Ledger
3.4. Accounts Payable (FI- AP)
3.5. Accounts Receivable (FI - AR)
3.6. Asset Accounting (FI - AA)
3.7. Bank Accounting
3.8. Funds Management (FI - FM)
3.9. Travel Management (FI-TM)
3.10. Consolidation
4. SAP CO
(Controlling)
4.1. Cost Centre Accounting (CO - CCA)
4.2. Overhead Cost Controlling (CO - OM)
4.3. Activity Based Coding (CO - ABC)
4.4. Product Cost Controlling (CO - PC)
4.5. Profitability Analysis (CO - PA)
4.6. Material Ledger (CO - ML)
5. SAP EC (Enterprise
Controlling)
5.1. Consolidation (EC - CS)
5.2. Executive Information System (EC-EIS)
5.3. Profit Center Accounting (EC - PCA)
5.4. Business Planning and Budgeting
6. SAP TR (Treasury)
6.1. Cash Management (TR - CM)
6.2. Loans Management (TR - LM)
6.3. Market Risk Management (TR - MRM)
6.4. Treasury Management (TR - TM)
6.5. Funds Management (TR - FM)
6.6. Information System
7. SAP IM (Investment
Management)
7.1. Investment Programmes
7.2. Investment Measures (orders/products)
7.3. Corporation Wide Budgeting
7.4. Appropriation Requests
7.5. Automatic Settlement of Fixed Assets
7.6. Depreciation Forecast
7.7. Information System
8. SAP HR (Human
Resource)
8.1. Recruitment
8.2. Personnel Administration
8.3. Benefits Administration
8.4. Compensation Management
8.5. Personnel Development
8.6. Organizational Management
8.7. Travel Management
8.8. Training and Events Management
8.9. Personnel Planning
8.10. Time Management
8.11. Incentive
8.12. Wages
8.13. Workflow
8.14. Payroll
8.15. Internet Scenarios
8.16. Information System
9. SAP SD (Sales and
Distribution)
9.1. Master Data
9.2. Sales
9.3. Sales Support
9.4. Sales Information System
9.5. Billing
9.6. Special Business Transactions
9.7. Shipping
9.8. Transportation
9.9. Credit Control
9.10. QM in SD
9.11. Internet
9.12. Foreign Trade
9.13. Electronic Data Interchange
10. SAP Logistics
Information System
10.1. Purchasing Information System
10.2. Sales Information System
10.3. Inventory Controlling
10.4. Retail Information System
10.5. Production Planning and Control Information System
10.6. Plant Maintenance Information System
10.7. Project Information System
11. SAP MM (Materials
Management)
11.1. Purchasing
11.2. Invoice Verification
11.3. Logistics (General)
11.4. Logistics Information System
11.5. Inventory Management
11.6. Inventory / Valuations
11.7. Materials Planning
11.8. Workflow
11.9. External Services Management
11.10. QM in MM
11.11. Warehouse Management
12. SAP PM (Plant
Maintenance)
12.1. Preventative Maintenance
12.2. Maintenance Order Management
12.3. Maintenance Projects
12.4. Service Management
12.5. Maintenance Planning
12.6. Equipment and Technical Objects
12.7. Structuring Technical Systems
12.8. PM Processing
12.9. Work Clearance Management
12.10. Internet Scenarios
12.11. Customising
12.12. Information System
13. SAP PP
(Production Planning)
13.1. Make to Order (CR)
13.2. Make to Order (PIR)
13.3. Repetitive Manufacturing
13.4. PP for Process Industries (PP - PI)
13.5. PP - Processes
13.6. Sales and Operations Planning
13.7. Capacity requirements
13.8. Master Planning
13.9. KANBAN
13.10. Production Orders
13.11. Product Cost Planning
13.12. Plant Data Collection
13.13. Assembly Orders
13.14. Information System
14. SAP QM - Quality
Management
14.1. Planning
14.2. Inspections
14.3. Notifications
14.4. Control
14.5. Certificates
14.6. Test Equipment Management
14.7. QM-IS
15. SAP BW (Business
Warehousing)
15.1. Data Warehousing
15.2. BI Suite - Business Explorer
15.3. BI Platform
15.4. ODS Structures
15.5. Development Technologies
15.6. Info Cube
15.7. Design Build
16. SAP CS (Customer
Service)
16.1. Service Processing
16.2. Controlling
16.3. Service Contracts
16.4. Workflow in Customer Service
17. SAP SMB
17.1. SAP SMB
18. SAP CA (Cross
Application Components)
18.1. SAP Business Workflow
18.2. Application Link Enabling (ALE)
19. SAP PS (Project
Systems)
19.1. Basic Data
19.2. Operational Structures
19.3. Project Planning
19.4. Approval
19.5. Information System
19.6. Project Execution and Integration
19.7. Work Breakdown Structure
20. mySAP SRM
(Supplier Relationship Management)
20.1. Self Service Procurement
20.2. Service Procurement
20.3. Plan Driven Procurement
20.4. Spend Analysis
20.5. Strategic Sourcing
20.6. Catalogue Content Management
21. mySAP SEM
21.1. Business Consolidation (SEM-BCS)
21.2. Business Information Collection (SEM-BIC)
21.3. Business Planning and Simulation (BW-BPS)
21.4. Corporate Performance Monitor (SEM-CPM)
21.5. Stakeholder Relationship Management (SEM-SRM)
22. mySAP CRM
(Customer Relationship Management)
22.1. CRM Enterprise
22.2. Field Applications
22.3. Interaction Center
22.4. E-Commerce
22.5. Channel Management
22.6. Industry Specific CRM
23. mySAP Product
Life Cycle Management
23.1. Document Management
23.2. Engineering Change Management
23.3. Enterprise Content Management
23.4. Classification
23.5. Basic Data for Process Manufacturing
24. SAP SCM (SAP Supply
Chain Management)
24.1. SCM Process and Business Scenarios
24.2. SAP Forecasting and Replenishment
24.3. SAP Advance Planning and Optimization (SAP - APO)
24.4. SAP Inventory Collaboration Hub (SAP - OCH)
24.5. SAP Event Management (SAP - EM)
24.6. SCM Basis
25. SAP Netweaver
25.1. SAP Masterdata Management
25.2. Information Integration
25.3. Portal Content
25.4. Process Integration
25.5. Knowledge Management
25.6. Life Cycle Management
25.7. SAP Business Intelligence
25.8. SAP Visual Composer
25.9. People Integration
25.10. Application Platform
25.11. SAP Web Application Server
25.12. SAP Business Information Warehouse
25.13. SAP Solution Manager
25.14. SAP Enterprise Portal
25.15. SAP Mobile Engine
25.16. Security
26. SAP IS (Industry
Solutions) / SAP for Industries
SAP has the following industries specific solutions:
26.1. Aerospace & Defence
26.2. Consumer Products
26.3. Defence & Security
26.4. Retail
26.5. Insurance
26.6. Mill Products
26.7. Higher Education & Research
26.8. Industrial Machinery & Components
26.9. Logistics Service Providers
26.10. Automotive
26.11. Chemicals
26.12. Pharmaceuticals
26.13. Banking
26.14. Telecoms
26.15. Life Sciences
26.16. Mining
26.17. Public Sector
26.18. Service Provider
26.19. Media
26.20. Healthcare
26.21. Oil & Gas
26.22. Utilities
26.23. Postal Services
Besides the above functionalities and flexibilities, SAP also
adding new features, new modules, new environment and new industry specific solutions
to its flagship ERP product continuously.
From the above list of diversify functionality,
industry-specific solution with hardware and database independency depicts the
power of SAP in the arena of ERP world.
SAP ABAP?
ABAP stands for Advanced Business Application Programming
language. It is an interpreted programming language that runs in the SAP ABAP
Runtime environment. ABAP is the main language used for building solid-state
business application solutions in the SAP environment. It has evolved over the
years to include Object Oriented language extensions as well.
What is Sap Basis?
Basis is the administration of the SAP system.
A set of middleware programs and tools that provide the
underlying base that enable applications to be interoperable across operating
systems. SAP Basis includes a RDBMS, GUI, and client server architecture.
Beyond the interface aspect of Basis, it also includes such components as a
data dictionary as well as user and system administration.
It's a piece of middleware which links the application with the
database and the operating system. Basis is most commonly associated with the
GUI interface to the SAP.
What is SAP
Netweaver?
NetWeaver is SAP’s integrated technology platform, and is not a
product in itself.
It is the underlying technology for all the products in the SAP
suite.
Java
An
object-oriented programming language that is platform independent (the same
Java program runs on all hardware platforms without modification). Developed by
Sun, Java is widely used on the Web for both client and server processing.
Modeled after C++, Java added programming enhancements such as "garbage
collection," which automatically frees unused memory. It was also designed
to run in small amounts of memory. The first Web browsers to run Java were
Sun's HotJava and Netscape Navigator 2.0.
EJB
(Enterprise
Java Beans) A software component in Sun's J2EE platform, which
provides a pure Java environment for developing and running distributed
applications. EJBs are written as software modules that contain the business
logic of the application. They reside in and are executed in a runtime engine
called an "EJB Container," which provides a host of common interfaces
and services to the EJB, including security and transaction support. At the
wire level, EJBs look like CORBA components.
RMI
(Remote
Method Invocation) A standard from Sun for distributed objects
written in Java. RMI is a remote procedure call (RPC), which allows Java
objects (software components) stored in the network to be run remotely. Unlike
CORBA and DCOM objects, which can be developed in different languages, RMI is
designed for objects written only in Java.
SWING
A
Java toolkit for developing graphical user interfaces (GUIs). It includes
elements such as menus, toolbars and dialog boxes. Swing is written in Java and
is thus platform independent, unlike the Java Abstract Window Toolkit (AWT),
which provides platform-specific code. Swing also has more sophisticated
interface capabilities than AWT and offers such features as tabbed panes and
the ability to change images on buttons. Swing is included in the Java
Foundation Classes (JFC) which are provided in the Java Developers Toolkit
(JDK).
COBRA
Common Object
Request Broker Architecture A software-based interface
from the Object Management Group (OMG) that allows software modules (objects)
to communicate with each other no matter where they are located on a private
network or the global Internet. CORBA is a "distributed objects"
system designed for multi-tier, client/server applications, where processing
data in one computer requires additional processing by some other service in
another computer in order to complete the transaction. CORBA is also described
as an "object bus" or "software bus."
SERVELETS
A
Java application that runs in a Web server or application server and provides
server-side processing such as accessing a database and e-commerce
transactions. Widely used for Web processing, servlets are designed to handle
HTTP requests (get, post, etc.) and are the standard Java replacement for a
variety of other methods, including CGI scripts, Active Server Pages (ASPs) and
proprietary C/C++ plug-ins for specific Web servers (ISAPI, NSAPI).
JSP
(JavaServer
Page) An extension to the Java servlet technology from Sun that allows
HTML to be combined with Java on the same page. The Java provides the
processing, and the HTML provides the page layout that will be rendered in the
Web browser
JDBC
(Java DataBase
Connectivity) A programming interface that lets Java applications access
a database via the SQL language. Since Java interpreters (Java Virtual
Machines) are available for all major client platforms, this allows a
platform-independent database application to be written. In 1996, JDBC was the
first extension to the Java platform.
STRUTS
A
framework for writing Web-based applications in Java that supports the
Model-View-Controller (MVC) architecture. Struts is deployed as JSP pages using
special tags from the Struts tag library, which includes routines for building
forms, HTML rendering, storing and retrieving data and business logic
WEB
LOGIC
A
software suite from BEA Systems, Inc., San Jose, CA (www.beasys.com) that is used
to deploy Web and SOA applications. The core product is BEA WebLogic Server, a
J2EE application server. BEA WebLogic Portal is an an enterprise portal that
offers advanced searching, and BEA WebLogic Integration provides tools for
transforming and routing data from multiple sources. BEA WebLogic Enterprise is
the integrated development environment (IDE) for the WebLogic family
HTML
HyperText Markup
Language) The document format used on the Web. Web pages are built with
HTML tags (codes) embedded in the text. HTML defines the page layout, fonts and
graphic elements as well as the hypertext links to other documents on the Web.
Each link contains the URL, or address, of a Web page residing on the same
server or any server worldwide, hence "World Wide" Web.
XML
(EXtensible
Markup Language) An open standard for describing data from the
W3C. It is used for defining data elements on a Web page and
business-to-business documents. XML uses a similar tag structure as HTML;
however, whereas HTML defines how elements are displayed, XML defines what
those elements contain. While HTML uses predefined tags, XML allows tags to be
defined by the developer of the page. Thus, virtually any data items, such as
"product," "sales rep" and "amount due," can be
identified, allowing Web pages to function like database records. By providing
a common method for identifying data, XML supports business-to-business transactions
and has become "the" format for electronic data interchange and Web
services
J2EE
(Java
2 Platform, Enterprise Edition) A platform from Sun for
building distributed enterprise applications. J2EE services are performed in
the middle tier between the user's machine and the enterprise's databases and
legacy information systems. J2EE comprises a specification, reference
implementation and set of testing suites. Its core component is Enterprise
JavaBeans (EJBs), followed by JavaServer Pages (JSPs) and Java servlets and a
variety of interfaces for linking to the information resources in the
enterprise.
J2ME
(Java 2
Platform, Micro Edition) A version of Java 2 for cellphones, PDAs
and consumer appliances. J2ME uses the K Virtual Machine (KVM), a specialized
Java interpreter for devices with limited memory. The Connected Limited Device
Configuration (CLDC) provides the programming interface for wireless
applications. The Mobile Information Device Profile (MIDP) provides support for
a graphical interface, networking and storage.
DOT
NET
(.NET)
A comprehensive software development platform from Microsoft that was
introduced in 2000 as the company's next generation programming environment.
Pronounced "dot-net," and widely known as the ".NET
Framework," it was designed to compete with the Java J2EE platform
LDAP
Lightweight Directory
Access Protocol) A protocol used to access a directory listing.
LDAP support is being implemented in Web browsers and e-mail programs, which
can query an LDAP-compliant directory. It is expected that LDAP will provide a
common method for searching e-mail addresses on the Internet, eventually
leading to a global white pages. LDAP is a sibling protocol to HTTP and FTP and
uses the ldap:// prefix in its URL.
JVM
A
Java interpreter. The Java Virtual Machine (JVM) is software that converts the
Java intermediate language (bytecode) into machine language and executes it.
The original JVM came from the JavaSoft division of Sun. Subsequently, other
vendors developed their own; for example, the Microsoft Virtual Machine is
Microsoft's Java interpreter. A JVM is incorporated into a Web browser in order
to execute Java applets. A JVM is also installed in a Web server to execute
server-side Java programs. A JVM can also be installed in a client machine to
run stand-alone Java applications
PJAVA
A
version of Java from Sun intended for PDAs and other handheld devices.
EmbeddedJava (EJava) is a counterpart set of technologies that provide support
for character-based displays or devices without displays rather than graphical
interfaces. PersonalJava (PJava) is intended for open systems that require Web
browsing, and PJava includes applet support. EJava is intended for closed
systems that have severe restrictions on memory.
XSL
(eXtensible
Stylesheet Language) A standard from the W3C for describing a
style sheet for XML documents. It is the XML counterpart to the Cascading Style
Sheets (CSS) in HTML and is compatible with CSS2. XSL is made up of three
components: (1) XSL Transformations (XSLT) is the processing language for XSL.
It is used to convert XML documents into HTML or other document types and may
be used independently of XSL. (2) XML Path Language (Xpath) is used to identify
and select tagged elements within an XML document, and (3) XSL Formatting
Objects (XSL FO) provides the format vocabulary
XSLT
(eXtensible
Stylesheet Language Transformation) Software that converts
an XML document into another format such as HTML, PDF or text. It may also be
used to convert one XML document to another XML document with a different set
of XML tags (different schema).
VB.NET
(Visual
Basic .NET) An object-oriented programming language from
Microsoft. It is the .NET version of the Visual Basic (VB) programming
language. Like all .NET languages, VB.NET uses the Common Language Runtime
(CLR) for program execution. VB.NET is substantially different from traditional
Visual Basic, which has been the most popular language for developing Windows
applications
ASP
Application Service
Provider) An organization that hosts software applications on its own
servers within its own facilities. Customers rent the use of the application
and access it over the Internet or via a private line connection. Also called a
"commercial service provider." The Web browser, acting as a universal
client interface, has fueled this "on-demand software" market.
ASP.NET
ASP.NET,
also known as ASP+, is an enhanced version of ASP for the .NET platform. It
supports executable programs compiled from C#, C++ and other languages and is
not backward compatible with regular ASP code. ASP.NET pages are always
compiled rather than interpreted as are ASP pages
C#
(C
Sharp) An object-oriented programming language from Microsoft and ECMA that is
based on C++ with elements from Visual Basic and Java. Like Java, C# provides
automatic garbage collection, whereas traditional C and C++ do not. C# was
created by Microsoft and also standardized by the European Computer
Manufacturers Association (ECMA). Microsoft designed C# as its flagship
programming language for the .NET environment
ADO
(ActiveX Data
Objects) A programming interface from Microsoft that is designed as
"the" Microsoft standard for data access. First used with Internet
Information Server, ADO is a set of COM objects that provides an interface to
OLE DB. The three primary objects are Connection, Command and Recordset. The
Connection object establishes a connection with a particular database
management system (DBMS) or other data source. It can also send a query to the
database. The Command object is an alternate way of sending a query to the
database, and the Recordset object contains the resulting answer, which is a
group of records
ADO.NET
ADO.NET
is the .NET version of ADO, which is substantially different from ADO. It
supports XML documents and relies on .NET Data Providers as an interface layer
between the application and the databases.
What is front end, back end, and midle-tier development
Front-end tier
->
User Interface layer usually consisting of a mix of HTML, Javascript, CSS,
Flash, and various server-side code like ASP.Net, classic ASP, PHP, etc. Think
of this as being closest to the user in terms of code.
Middleware,
middle-tier ->
One tier back, generally referred to as the "plumbing" part of a
system. Java and C# are common languages for writing this part that could be
viewed as the glue between the UI and the data and can be webservices or WCF
components or other SOA components possibly.
Back-end tier
->
Databases and other data stores are generally at this level. Oracle, MS-SQL,
MySQL, SAP, and various off-the-shelf pieces of software come to mind for this
piece of software that is the final processing of the data.
Overlap
can exist between any of these as you could have everything poured into one
layer like an ASP.Net website that uses the built-in AJAX functionality that
generates Javascript while the code behind may contain database commands making
the code behind contain both middle and back-end tiers. Alternatively, one
could use VBScript to act as all the layers using ADO objects and merging all
three tiers into one.
Web Technologies
– Microsoft
C#,
VB .NET, ASP .NET, ADO .NET, VC++. NET, MOSS/SharePoint
Web
Server used in Microsoft: IIS
Database
used in Microsoft: SQL, MS-Access.
AGILE SOFTWARE development
methods include:
Agile Modeling
Agile Unified Process (AUP)
Crystal Clear
Crystal Methods
Dynamic Systems Development Method (DSDM)
Extreme Programming (XP)
Feature Driven Development (FDD)
GSD
Kanban (development)
Lean software development
Scrum
Velocity tracking
How many different
types of DBAs are there? Well, there are DBAs who focus on logical design and
DBAs who focus on physical design; DBAs who specialize in building systems and
DBAs who specialize in maintaining and tuning systems; specialty DBAs and general-purpose
DBAs. Truly, the job of DBA encompasses many roles.
Some organizations
choose to split DBA responsibilities into separate jobs. Of course, this occurs
most frequently in larger organizations, because smaller organizations often
cannot afford the luxury of having multiple, specialty DBAs.
Still other companies
simply hire DBAs to perform all of the tasks required to design, create,
document, tune, and maintain the organization’s data, databases, and database
management systems. Let’s take a look at some of the more common types of DBA.
System DBA
A system DBA focuses
on technical rather than business issues, primarily in the system
administration area. Typical tasks center on the physical installation and
performance of the DBMS software and can include the following:
a
Installing new DBMS versions and applying maintenance fixes supplied by the
DBMS vendor
a
Setting and tuning system parameters
a
Tuning the operating system, network, and transaction processors to work with
the DBMS
a
Ensuring appropriate storage for the DBMS
a
Enabling the DBMS to work with storage devices and storage management software
a
Interfacing with any other technologies required by database applications
a
Installing third-party DBA tools
System DBAs are
rarely involved with actual implementation of databases and applications. They
might get involved in application tuning when operating system parameters or
complex DBMS parameters need to be altered.
Indeed, the job of
system DBA usually exists only if the organization does not have an official
system administration or systems programming department.
Database Architect
Some organizations
create a separate position, database architect, for design and implementation
of new databases. The database architect is involved in new design and
development work only; he is not involved in maintenance, administration, or
tuning of established databases and applications. The database architect
designs new databases for new or existing applications.
The rationale for
creating a separate position is that the skills required for designing new
databases are different from the skills required to keep an existing database
implementation up and running. A database architect is more likely than a
general-purpose DBA to have data administration and modeling expertise.
Typical tasks
performed by the database architect include:
a
Creating a logical data model (if no DA or data modeler position exists)
a
Translating logical data models into physical database designs
a
Implementing efficient databases, including specifying physical
characteristics, designing efficient indexes, and mapping database objects to
physical storage devices
a
Analyzing data access and modification requirements to ensure efficient SQL and
optimal database design
a
Creating backup and recovery strategies for new databases
Not every
organization will staff a separate database architect position, instead
requiring DBAs to work on both new and established database projects.
Database Analyst
Another common staff
position is the database analyst. There is really no set definition for this
position. Sometimes junior DBAs are referred to as database analysts. Sometimes
a database analyst performs a role similar to that of the database architect.
Sometimes the data administrator is referred to as the database analyst or
perhaps as the data analyst. And sometimes a database analyst is just another
term used by some companies instead of database administrator.
Data Modeler
A data modeler is
usually responsible for a subset of the data architect’s responsibilities. A
data modeler is usually not considered a DBA, but this is not a hard and fast
rule.
Application DBA
In direct contrast to
the system DBA is the application DBA. The application DBA focuses on database
design and the ongoing support and administration of databases for a specific
application or subset of applications. The application DBA is likely to be an
expert at writing and debugging complex SQL and understands the best ways to
incorporate database requests into application programs. The application DBA
must also be capable of performing database change management, performance
tuning, and most of the other roles of the DBA. The difference is the focus of
the application DBA—it is on a specific subset of applications rather than the
overall DBMS implementation and database environment.
Not every
organization staffs application DBAs. However, when application DBAs exist,
general-purpose DBAs are still required to support the overall database
environment and infrastructure. When application DBAs do not exist within an
organization, general-purpose DBAs are likely to be assigned to support
specific applications while also maintaining the organization’s database
environment.
There are pros and
cons to staffing application DBAs. The arguments in favor of application DBAs
include the following:
a
An application DBA can better focus on an individual application, which can
result in better service to the developers of that application.
a
The application DBA is more often viewed as an integral component of the
development team and therefore is better informed about new development plans
and changes.
a
Because the application DBA works consistently on a specific set of
applications, he can acquire a better overall understanding of how each
application works, enabling him to better support the needs of the application
developers.
a
With a more comprehensive understanding of the application, an application DBA
will have a better understanding of how the application impacts the overall
business. This knowledge will likely result in the execution of DBA tasks to
better support the organization.
But there are
downsides to implementing an application DBA role, too. Application DBAs can
lose sight of the overall data needs of the organization because of the narrow
focus on a single application. The application DBA can become isolated. Lack of
communication with a centralized DBA group (if one exists) can result in
diminished sharing of skills. And when the application DBA implements useful
procedures, it takes more effort to share these procedures with the other DBAs.
In general, when
staffing application DBAs, be sure to also staff a centralized DBA group. The
application DBAs should have primary responsibility for specific applications,
but should also be viewed as part of the centralized DBA group.
Task-Orientated DBA
Larger organizations
sometimes create very specialized DBAs that focus on a specific DBA task.
However, task-oriented DBAs are quite rare outside of very large IT shops. One
example of a task-oriented DBA is a backup-and-recovery DBA who devotes his
entire day to ensuring the recoverability of the organization’s databases.
Most organizations
cannot afford this level of specialization, but when possible, task-oriented
DBAs can ensure that very knowledgeable specialists tackle very important DBA
tasks.
Performance Analyst
Performance analysts
are a specific type of task-oriented DBA. The performance analyst, more common
than other task-oriented DBAs, focuses solely on the performance of database
applications.
A performance analyst
must understand the details and nuances of SQL coding for performance and be
able to design databases for performance. A performance analyst will have very
detailed technical knowledge of the DBMS so that he can make appropriate
changes to DBMS and system parameters when required.
However, the performance
analyst should not be a system DBA. The performance analyst must be able to
speak to application developers in their language in order to help them
facilitate appropriate program changes for performance.
The performance
analyst is usually the most skilled, senior member of the DBA staff, a role
that he has grown into due to his experience and the respect he has gained in
past tuning endeavors.
Data Warehouse
Administrator
Organizations that
implement data warehouses for performing in-depth data analysis often staff
DBAs specifically to monitor and support the data warehouse environment. Data
warehouse administrators must be capable DBAs, but with a thorough
understanding of the differences between a database that supports OLTP and a
data warehouse. Data warehouse administration requires experience with BI and
query tools, specialized database design for data warehousing, knowledge of
data warehousing technologies (such as OLAP, ETL, etc.), ETL skills, and so on.
Of course, there may be other types of DBAs,
too. The point is that there is not one simple job out there with the title
DBA. There are actually many jobs that fall under the larger heading of
database administrator.
Pic. 1 Example of typical light (50m) cellular tower in polish countryside.
Pic. 2 At 50 m above ground level.
Pic. 3 Page's author on tower during installation inspection.
Pic. 4 Tower inside view.
Pic. 5 Nokia MW antenna with outdoor unit.
Pic. 6 GSM Tx/Rx antenna with MHA (Mast Head Amplifier).
Pic. 7 My during HSDPA upgrade.
Pic. 8 Rooftop antenna installation with UMTS outdoor cabinets (Warsaw, city centre).
Pic. 9 Colleague during UMTS heater installation (Warsaw, city centre).
Pic. 10 Another colleague during MW antenna tuning.
Pic. 11 Chimney installation (about 130 meters hight).
Pic. 12 Author during NodeB commissioning and integration(Benning Power System Cabinet on left).
Pic. 13 Urban installation.
Pic. 14 Warsaw - city centre.
Pic 16. Backbone chimney with high speed SDH antennas.
Software
Testing
Software testing is the process of evaluation a software
item to detect differences between given input and expected output. Also to
assess the feature of A software item. Testing assesses the quality of the
product. Software testing is a process that should be done during the
development process. In other words software testing is a verification and
validation process.
Verification
Verification is the process to make sure the product
satisfies the conditions imposed at the start of the development phase. In
other words, to make sure the product behaves the way we want it to.
Validation
Validation is the process to make sure the product satisfies
the specified requirements at the end of the development phase. In other words,
to make sure the product is built as per customer requirements.
Basics of software testing
There are two basics of software testing: blackbox testing
and whitebox testing.
Blackbox Testing
Black box testing is a testing technique that ignores the
internal mechanism of the system and focuses on the output generated against
any input and execution of the system. It is also called functional testing.
Whitebox Testing
White box testing is a testing technique that takes into
account the internal mechanism of a system. It is also called structural
testing and glass box testing.
Black box testing is often used for validation and white box
testing is often used for verification.
Types of testing
Unit Testing
Unit testing is the testing of an individual unit or group
of related units. It falls under the class of white box testing. It is often
done by the programmer to test that the unit he/she has implemented is
producing expected output against given input.
Integration Testing
Integration testing is testing in which a group of
components are combined to produce output. Also, the interaction between
software and hardware is tested in integration testing if software and hardware
components have any relation. It may fall under both white box testing and
black box testing.
Functional Testing
Functional testing is the testing to ensure that the
specified functionality required in the system requirements works. It falls
under the class of black box testing.
System Testing
System testing is the testing to ensure that by putting the
software in different environments (e.g., Operating Systems) it still works.
System testing is done with full system implementation and environment. It
falls under the class of black box testing.
Stress Testing
Stress testing is the testing to evaluate how system behaves
under unfavorable conditions. Testing is conducted at beyond limits of the
specifications. It falls under the class of black box testing.
Performance Testing
Performance testing is the testing to assess the speed and
effectiveness of the system and to make sure it is generating results within a
specified time as in performance requirements. It falls under the class of
black box testing.
Usability Testing
Usability testing is performed to the perspective of the
client, to evaluate how the GUI is user-friendly? How easily can the client
learn? After learning how to use, how proficiently can the client perform? How
pleasing is it to use its design? This falls under the class of black box
testing.
Acceptance Testing
Acceptance testing is often done by the customer to ensure
that the delivered product meets the requirements and works as the customer
expected. It falls under the class of black box testing.
Regression Testing
Regression testing is the testing after modification of a
system, component, or a group of related units to ensure that the modification
is working correctly and is not damaging or imposing other modules to produce
unexpected results. It falls under the class of black box testing.
Beta Testing
Beta testing is the testing which is done by end users, a
team outside development, or publicly releasing full pre-version of the product
which is known as beta version. The aim of beta testing is to cover unexpected
errors. It falls under the class of black box testing.
Testing Tools
Testing Methods: Manual Testing & Automated testing
Automated testing tools
Win runner, Load runner, Test director, quick test pro (QTP), Silk Test, rational Robot,
Test Partner & QA Run etc…
Automation of testing may require programming skills with scripting languages Cshell
----------------------------
PEOPLESOFT
PeopleSoft is an integrated software package that provides a wide variety of business applications to assist in the day-to-day execution and operation of business processes. Each individual application, such as Financials, Customer Relationship Management and Human Resources, interacts with others to offer an effective and efficient means of working and reporting in an integrated fashion across the enterprise.
PeopleSoft offers the following modules:
PeopleSoft offers the following modules:
·
Customer Relationship Management
·
Financial Management
·
Service Automation
·
Human
Capital Management
·
Campus Solutions
·
Supplier Relationship Management
·
Enterprise Performance Management
·
Supply Chain Management
·
Supply Chain Planning
·
Customer Order Management
·
Logistics Management Manufacturing
·
Supplier Relationship Management
·
Asset Lifecycle Management
------------------------------
VMS – Vendor Management System. Generally refers to the software that’s in
place that facilitates the requisitioning and procurement process of filling
temporary staffing requirements. A
typical system tracks costs and integrates pertinent data into existing
financial and human resources databases.
MSP – Managed Services Provider. A company that typically partners with a VMS
provider and maintains an on-site program management presence.
Managed
Service Providers (MSPs) are contracted to manage multiple staffing vendors and
to measure their effectiveness in filling positions according to a customer's
standards and requirements. In effect, the MSP serves as a "neutral"
party that offers the customer a complete workforce solution while ensuring
efficient operation and leveraging multiple staffing companies to obtain competitive
rates. MSPs typically use a Vendor Management System (VMS) as a software tool
to provide transparency and efficiency — along with detailed metrics to the
user — related to every aspect of the contingent and contract workforce. The
model has proven its usefulness in the private sector, notably among Fortune
500 companies, and is poised to become more common in the government arena.
VMO – Vendor Management Organization. The body of policies and procedures that
surround the VMS software. The VMO can
be either managed internally by the client or outsourced to a third-party such
as a Managed Services Provider (MSP).
VOP – Vendor on Premise. Typically an on-site management solution
provided to a client by the primary staffing provider, whereby the suppliers'
representative(s) acquire and manage contingent workers.
Primary Vendor(s) – Refers to the
direct contractual relationship between a consulting vendor and the end
client. A typical vendor management
program will have a number of primary vendors, but there can be one primary
vendor who can then use sub-vendors.
Sub-Vendor(s) – Those
staffing firms that work through a primary vendor.
Vendor Neutral – A program that
is based on the client's desire to have a "level playing field" for
the preferred suppliers. Depending on
client agreements, a VOP or MSP serving as program administrator may
participate in the program as one of the staffing suppliers, but is not given
preferential treatment.
Hiring Manager:
The
hiring manager is the employee who requested a new position to be filled or an
employee to fill an open job. The hiring manager is the employee to whom the
new employee will report when hired. The hiring manager is a key member of your
employee recruitment team.
As
the initiator of a position, or the need for an employee, the hiring manager is
the head of the employee selection team. He or she is the employee who works
with Human Resources to fill the open position through every step of the
organization's hiring process.
The
hiring manager also works with Human Resources to determine compensation for
the position, generally makes the job offer,
and negotiates the details of the new employee accepting and starting the job.
Staffing Manager:
The
staffing manager might be an employee of the client or employee of the MSP
provider, who will involve in advertising the job, contacting employment or temp
agencies for the resources/candidates. Staffing managers will be the contact
person from the clients end with the vendors/staffing firms. Usually vendors/staffing
agencies are not authorized to contact the Hiring managers without staffing manager’s
knowledge. Staffing Manager is the person who will receive the resumes from all
the vendors and then forward the resumes to the Hiring Manager.
If
the Hiring Manager is willing to interview any of the candidates, Staffing
manager is informed and then it reaches to the staffing agency through the VMS
or MSP as a notification/email.
W2 usually means the employer gives you a pay CHECK and a pay STUB. The stub shows how much was deducted for social security, federal, state, local, and any miscellaneous witholdings such as wage garnishments if applicable. The amount on the check reflects your rate less the with holdings.
1099 means, basically, you're paid without any with holdings however the amount in question was reported to any taxation authorities. You would have to report 1099 wages as income and would, probably , not be eligible for any deductions from the taxes already taken out had you been paid on W2 Terms.
C 2 C or "corporation to corporation" means they are treating you as a corporate entity instead of an individual. Usually this is reserved for people who are also incorporated as an INC, LLC, LLP, S-Corp, or other with an EIN number .
In this case you're solely responsible for your own record keeping and , depending on how profitable (or not) your particular business is you may pay taxes on those earnings that are treated as profits. The thing here is you should be an actual corporate entity to qualify for these particular compensation terms.
Source: http://techtalk.dice.com/t5/Contractors/difference-between-W2-1099-and-c2c/td-p/228296
Business Intelligence (BI)
· Business
Intelligence software, also called BI software, is software that is designed to
analyze business data to better understand an organization's strengths and
weaknesses.
· Business
intelligence software allows an organization's management to better see the
relationship between different data for better decision-making and optimal
deployment of resources.
· Business
Intelligence software plays a key role in the strategic planning process of the
corporation.
Business Intelligence Tools
1)
Oracle
Enterprise BI Server (OBIEE)
2)
Oracle
Hyperion for planning + consolidation
3)
Business
Objects Enterprise XI
4)
SAP
NetWeaver BI
5)
IBM
Cognos Series
6)
Microstrategy
7)
Microsoft
Business Intelligence
8)
QlikView
9)
BizzScore
Suite
10)
Style
Intelligence
11)
Pentaho
BI suite
12)
Board
Management IntelligenceToolkit
13)
JasperSoft
14)
WebFOCUS
15)
SAS
Enterprise BI Server
16)
Tableau
Software
· Business
Intelligence system collects data from various sources including operation
database, OLTP, ERP, legacy apps, external database and etc.
· ETL tools
(Extract, Transform, and Load) are used to pull data from source database,
transform the data so that it is compatible with the data warehouse and then
load it into data warehouse.
--------------------------
Core Network: A core
network, or network core, is the central part of a telecommunication network
that provides various services to customers who are connected by the access
network. One of the main functions is to route telephone calls across the PSTN.
The devices and facilities in the core / backbone
networks are switches and routers. The trend is to push the intelligence and
decision making into access and Edge Devices and
keep the core devices dumb and fast. As a result, switches are more and more
often used in the core/backbone network facilities. Technologies used in the
core and backbone facilities are data
link layer and network layer technologies such as SONET, DWDM,
ATM, IP, etc. For enterprise backbone network, Gigabit Ethernet or 10 Gigabit Ethernet technologies are also often used.
Access Network: An access network is that part of a telecommunications
network which connects subscribers to their immediate service provider. It is
contrasted with the core network, (for example the Network Switching Subsystem
in GSM) which connects local providers to each other
PSTN: The public switched
telephone network (PSTN) is the network of the world's public circuit-switched
telephone networks. It consists of telephone lines, fiber optic cables,
microwave transmission links, cellular networks, communications satellites, and
undersea telephone cables, all inter-connected by switching centers, thus
allowing any telephone in the world to communicate with any other. Originally a
network of fixed-line analog telephone systems, the PSTN is now almost entirely
digital in its core and includes mobile as well as fixed telephones.
Outside plant (OSP):
In civilian telecommunications, outside plant refers to all of the
physical cabling and supporting infrastructure (such as conduit, cabinets,
tower or poles), and any associated hardware between a demarcation point in a
switching facility and a demarcation point in another switching center or
customer premises.
Inside Plant (ISP)
Inside Plant (ISP) is defined as intra-building distribution of cable
media such as both fiber and copper station cable, station jack hardware,
Building Distribution Frames (BDF), Intra building Distribution Frame (IDF)
terminals, sleeves, conduit, raceways, distribution frame hardware, etc.
--------------------------
A network consists of two or more computers that are linked in
order to share resources (such as printers and CD-ROMs), exchange files, or
allow electronic communications. The computers on a network may be linked
through cables, telephone lines, radio waves, satellites, or infrared light
beams.
·
LAN (Local Area Network) - A network connecting computers in a
relatively small area such as a building
·
MAN (Metropolitan
Area Network) - A network connecting computers over a large geographical area,
such as a city or school district.
·
WAN (Wide Area
Network) - A network connecting computers within very large areas, such as
states, countries, and the world.
Protocol -A formal description of a set of rules and
conventions that govern how devices on a network exchange information.
Client/Server - A networking system in which one or more file servers
(Server) provide services; such as network management, application and
centralized data storage for workstations (Clients).
Network
Operating System (NOS) - Operating system designed to pass
information and communicate between more than one computer
Routers:
A router is
a device that forwards data packets between computer
networks, creating an overlay internetwork.
A router is connected to two or more data lines from different networks. When a
data packet comes in one of the lines, the router reads the address information
in the packet to determine its ultimate destination.
The
router will also choose the best route for the data packet so that you receive
the information quickly.
Switches:
A
switch is a telecommunication device which receives a message from any device
connected to it and then transmits the message only to the device for which the
message was meant. This makes the switch a more intelligent device than a hub
(which receives a message and then transmits it to all the other devices on its
network).
Firewall
A
firewall can either be software-based or hardware-based and is used to help
keep a network secure. Its primary objective is to control the incoming and
outgoing network traffic by analyzing the data packets and determining whether
it should be allowed through or not, based on a predetermined rule set. A
network's firewall builds a bridge between an internal network that is assumed
to be secure and trusted, and another network, usually an external
(inter)network, such as the Internet, that is not assumed to be secure and
trusted
Cisco Certifications:
|
Career
Certifications
|
||||
|
Certification
Paths
|
||||
|
Routing
& Switching
|
(Cisco Certified Entry
Networking Technician)
|
|||
|
Design
|
||||
|
Network
Security
|
||||
|
Wireless
|
||||
|
Voice
|
|
|||
Juniper Certifications:
·
Associate
(JNCIA)
·
Specialist
(JNCIS)
·
Professional
(JNCIP)
·
Expert
(JNCIE)
ComTia Certifications:
·
CompTIA
A+
·
CompTIA
Network+
·
CompTIA
Security+
Microsoft Certifications:
MTA - Microsoft Technology Associate
(MTA) certifications help students explore career options in technology,
demonstrate their fundamental knowledge of hardware and IT infrastructure, and
prepare for advanced studies, MCSA exams, and MCTS exams.
MCITP - Microsoft
Certified IT Professional (MCITP) certifications recognize IT professionals who
demonstrate skills in planning, deploying, supporting, maintaining, and
optimizing IT infrastructures.
MCSA - Microsoft
Certified Solutions Associate (MCSA) certifications validate the core technical
skills required to build a sustainable career in IT. MCSA opens the door to
multiple career paths and is a requirement for MCSE certifications.
Previous
versions of this certification were called Microsoft Certified Systems
Administrator and demonstrated the ability to administrate network and systems
environments running Windows Sever 2003 (and earlier).
MCSE - Microsoft
Certified Solutions Expert (MCSE) certifications are designed to recognize IT
professionals who can design and build solutions across multiple technologies,
both on-premises and in the cloud.
Previous
versions of this IT certification were called Microsoft Certified Systems
Engineer and demonstrated the ability to design and implement Windows Sever
2003 (and earlier) infrastructures.
MCTS - Microsoft
Certified Technology Specialist (MCTS) certifications help IT professionals
target specific technologies and distinguish themselves by demonstrating
in-depth knowledge and expertise.
MCDST - The Microsoft
Certified Desktop Support Technician (MCDST) certification is no longer
available. It recognized IT professionals who demonstrated technical and
customer service skills in troubleshooting hardware and software operation
issues in Microsoft Windows environments.
MCDBA - The Microsoft
Certified Database Administrator (MCDBA) certification recognizes IT
professionals who demonstrate their ability to design, implement, and
administer Microsoft SQL Server 2000 databases.
Routing Protocols:
BGP:
Border Gateway Protocol
EGP:
Exterior Gateway Protocol
EIGRP:
Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol
HSRP:
Cisco Hot Standby Router Protocol
IGRP:
Interior Gateway Routing
OSPF:
Open Shortest Path First
TRIP:
Telephony Routing over IP
Network Layer Protocols:
DHCP:
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
IPv4:
Internet Protocol version 4
IPv6:
Internet Protocol version 6
RIP2:
Routing Information Protocol
RSVP:
Resource ReSerVation setup Protocol
VRRP:
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol
ready mix concrete erp
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